Introduction
Kyrgyzstan is a low income country with a population of 5.6 million people (2012) of which 72% are ethnic Kyrgyz. The population includes large minorities of ethnic Uzbeks (14%) and Russians (7%) as well as Dungans (1%), Tajiks (0.9%) and Uigurs (0.9%). The country has a GDP per capita of USD 2,260 (measured in PPP as of 2012) and ranks 125 out of the 187 countries in the UN Human Development Index.
Kyrgyzstan has a semi-parliamentary system, in which the powers of the directly elected President and the government, led by the Prime Minister, are checked by the Parliament (Jogorku Kengesh), whose members are elected through general elections for five years. Local government authorities, including some major city councils and mayors, most notably in Osh (the second largest city) have been operating with a large degree of de facto autonomy.
The regime change of 2010 (referred to as the “April Revolution”) saw the ousting of President Kurmanbek Bakiev and was the second such regime change after the 2005 ousting of the first President of the independent Republic, Askar Akaev. In the October 2010 parliamentary elections five out of more than 20 competing parties made the electoral threshold. Since then there have been three coalition governments, with the Social Democratic Party in a leading role. For the last twenty years the party has been led by the current President Almazbek Atambaev, who was elected in October 2011. The appointment of the current Prime Minister, Joomart Otorbaev, leading a new government, was approved by Parliament in April 2014.
Corruption is widespread both in the public and private sectors and poses a significant challenge to the effective functioning of government and businesses in Kyrgyzstan. The country ranks 154 out of 176 in the Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index. Fight against corruption features amng top priorities on the list of the government’s priorities, as reflected in strategic documents adopted in 2013.
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Il Kirgisistan ha una ricchezza ancora poco sviluppata con una popolazione di 5.6 milioni di abitanti, dei quali il 72% sono etnici kirgisi. La popolazione include larghe minoranze di etnici uzbeki (14%)e di Russi (7%). Il reddito procapite è pari a 2,100 dollari USA. Il Kirgisistan ha un sistema semi-parlamentare, dove il potere del Presidente,del Governo e del Primo Ministro sono controllati dal Parlamento (Jogorku Kengesh), i cui membri sono eletti in elezioni generali ogni cinque anni. I governi locali e i consigli comunali e i sindaci delle maggiori città hanno ampie autonomie. Il Partito Social Democratico ha un ruolo guida. La corruzione però secondo l’indice internazionale di Transparency International è ancora alto a livello politico, governativo, ed economico. Un documento strategico varato dal Governo nel 2013 ne fa uno degli strumenti e delle priorità per ridurre questa cosa. Grazie. Corrado Caruso